Breastfeeding initiates a powerful hormonal transformation that supports both mother and baby in extraordinary ways. When a mother begins to nurse, her body immediately responds with a surge in prolactin, the hormone responsible for producing milk, while oxytocin is released to help the milk flow and to create a sense of closeness and emotional bonding. These hormones work together not only to nourish the baby but also to help the mother’s body heal.
Oxytocin plays a key role in contracting the uterus, which helps reduce bleeding after childbirth and supports the return of the uterus to its pre-pregnancy state. At the same time, the body temporarily quietens down its reproductive system, often delaying the return of periods. This is the body’s natural way of spacing out pregnancies, giving the mother’s body time to rest and recover before becoming fertile again. Over time, the benefits of breastfeeding extend far beyond the early postpartum phase. Sustained breastfeeding has been associated with stronger markers of ovarian reserve, suggesting a potential delay in the natural ageing of the reproductive system.
Dr Sheetal Jindal, Director - Medical Genetics Program (Jindal IVF, Chandigarh) explains that breastfeeding brings with it important metabolic changes. It helps regulate the way the body processes fats, often improving cholesterol profiles and potentially lowering the risk of heart disease later in life. Many mothers notice shifts in body composition, especially around the waist, which can feel concerning but is usually a sign of the body storing energy to maintain milk supply.
Even though breastfeeding increases overall energy demand, hormones that control hunger do not seem to change much, meaning the increased appetite many women feel is the body’s way of asking for more fuel, not a sign of imbalance. When mothers understand how intelligently their bodies adapt during this time, they can move through postpartum with more confidence, knowing these changes are purposeful and protective rather than something to worry about or fix. However, if breastfeeding becomes overwhelming, painful, or emotionally challenging, it is important to consult a healthcare professional or lactation expert for guidance and support.
Hormonal And Psychological Changes Following Childbirth
Following childbirth, the pregnancy hormones oestrogen and progesterone suddenly decline, which is thought to be a contributing factor to the ‘baby blues’—a depressive, irritable, and stressful phase that many new moms go through. Although these emotions typically go away in a few weeks, persistent or severe symptoms could point to a postpartum mental disorder that needs medical attention.
The Mood-Boosting Effects Of Oxytocin
Breastfeeding causes oxytocin to be released, which can improve affectional sentiments, lower stress levels, and perhaps prevent postpartum depression. According to research, nursing can help moms feel less depressed both before and after giving birth.
The Effect Of Prolactin On Mood And Sleep
Feelings of calm and drowsiness are linked to high prolactin levels, which may help moms when nursing at night. This hormone is also thought to reduce pain and tension.
Navigating Through Hormonal Changes
Awareness: The first step to comprehending and managing the physical and emotional changes that occur during and after pregnancy is being aware of the hormonal changes.
Support: Seek assistance from medical professionals, lactation consultants, and support groups, particularly if you're having trouble breastfeeding or managing your mood.
Self-Care: To help manage hormonal changes, make self-care a priority. This includes getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and practicing stress-reduction techniques.
Recognise the ‘Baby Blues’: While emotional fluctuations following deliveries are normal, severe or ongoing symptoms that stay more than two weeks may be signs of postpartum depression and call for prompt medical attention.
Monitor Fertility: If you are using LAM as a birth control method, be mindful of its limitations and switch to a different method when the recommended dosage is no longer followed or your period starts to come back.
It can be difficult to navigate the hormonal landscape of breastfeeding, but by being aware of these processes and getting help when necessary, women can embrace this special and potent journey with wellbeing and confidence.