A study conducted by the World Bank, as part of its 2022 research report, sheds light on the harsh reality faced by women across Indian cities. It suggests that while the occurrence of sexual harassment in public transport and spaces remains alarmingly high, the rate of reporting and subsequent measures for addressing these issues are perceived to be disappointingly low.
In Mumbai, the situation appears particularly concerning. Only two per cent of female commuters reported instances of harassment to the police, and even more troubling, none expressed satisfaction with the resolutions provided. The survey further highlighted that 75 per cent of women who rely on train commutes are unaware of the dedicated helpline numbers established to assist them in times of distress, despite the fact that Mumbai has set up a 24-hour helpline, accessible by dialling 103, for women facing crimes against them.
In Pune, a mere 12 per cent of the 63 per cent of women who experienced sexual harassment on buses took the step of reporting these incidents to the authorities.
Despite the implementation of legal sections such as 354, 354A and 375 under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which address sexual assault and rape cases, there is a growing concern that existing laws are failing to serve as effective deterrents.
Under Section 354 and Section 354A of the IPC, sexual harassment encompasses actions such as assault, demanding or requesting sexual favours, displaying non-consensual pornography, and making unwelcome sexual remarks about a woman's appearance. Those found guilty under these sections could face rigorous imprisonment for up to three years, a fine, or both.