Let me begin by saying that discolouration on the face, chest, hands and anywhere on the body caused due to sun exposure or post-acne scarring is normal. If you are comfortable with it, you absolutely don’t need to get rid of it or try out diy remedies or in-clinic treatments. If you aren’t okay with them or are looking for a way to cover them up, you’ve come to the right place. Below, we’ll be breaking down everything there is to know about dark spots, from why we get them to how to treat them.
What are dark spots?
Dark spots are discolourations that are caused due to hyperpigmentation. This could be the consequence of sun exposure, hormonal changes, or the end result of acne scars. These can range from light to dark brown and the colour depends on the skin tone of a person. The spots aren’t painful and are usually found in the areas that are most exposed to the sun.
Why do we get them?
A very common cause of dark spots–that is hyperpigmentation–is due to increased production of melanin. This is the pigment that gives skin its colour. Different conditions can lead to an increase in melanin including certain medications, hormonal changes, pregnancy, friction, and sun exposure.
How are dark spots different from acne scars?
Acne scars are also a type of discolouration known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. These marks can be divided into two categories: Dark and textural marks. The former appear pink or brown and are raised or depressed scars caused by a layer of pigment on the skin whereas the latter is caused by skin actually tearing.
Causes of dark spots
Hormonal changes
Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation that is caused by the fluctuation of hormones. This condition leads to small patches of skin becoming darker and is more common during pregnancy.
Side effects of medications
Certain topical medications can make skin more prone to sun damage which is why it is essential to apply sunscreen every day, especially if you use skincare that contains ingredients like retinol. Other common treatments like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can also lead to dark spots.
Inflammation and irritation
Any kind of inflammation or irritation on the skin like psoriasis, acne, wounds, or eczema can lead to dark spots.
Sunspots
These are also known as liver spots and are commonly seen on those with fair skin and/or over 40 years of age. These flat spots develop after the skin is exposed to the sun during which the ultraviolet rays boost the production of melanin. They vary in size and are found on the parts of the body that are in contact with the sun’s rays like your shoulders, back, the back of your hands, face, and arms.
How to reduce dark spots at home
Try a papaya mask to exfoliate the skin
If you’re looking to give your skin a quick pick-me-up, try using a papaya and honey mask. Both are natural exfoliants and papaya is especially rich in AHAs which remove dead skin cells and reveal healthy, bright skin. The papain boosts collagen production and over time and with regular use, you may see a change in the colour of dark spots on the skin.
Apply turmeric to brighten skin
A pinch of turmeric in a few teaspoons of yoghurt can go a long way in brightening your skin. Why? Turmeric aka yellow gold has been proven to inhibit the production of melanin in the skin. Yoghurt moisturises skin and is rich in lactic acid that exfoliates it so by the time you wash this powerhouse of a face mask off, you can expect to see plump, hydrated skin.
Smear aloe gel to reduce scarring
Those with more melanin-rich skin know the struggle of dealing with acne scars. One way to lessen the chances of being left with them after a bout of acne is to make sure your skin is adequately moisturised at all times. Aloe vera is great at doing just that! It soothes skin and is packed with antimicrobial properties that keep further breakouts and infections at bay. The best way to use it is to opt for the gel and apply it liberally on the skin.
Opt for a vitamin C serum
Vitamin C is one of the buzziest ingredients in the skincare industry and for good reason. It is a sure-shot way to fade existing dark spots and prevents new ones from taking forming. To lighten dark spots, look for ingredients like kojic acid and L-ascorbic acid in skincare formulations.
A couple of things to keep in mind while purchasing a vitamin C serum:
· Make sure the product you’re investing in comes in a dark bottle as vitamin C can be highly unstable and breaks down easily.
· If you have sensitive skin, it is advisable to start off with a gentler formula (think 5 per cent) and then build it up to 20 per cent, never more than that.
· Always pair your serum with SPF during the day as they work very well together to prevent photodamage.
In-clinic treatments to manage dark spots
Consult your dermatologist to find out which in-clinic treatment works best for you in managing dark spots. They will help you to pick from a variety of options including laser, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and more.
Products to not use when treating dark spots
Unless your dermatologist gives you a go-ahead, it is advisable to not use lemon juice directly on your skin. This can lead to extreme sensitivity, throws your skin’s pH off-balance, and can cause irritation and redness.
Stay away from scrubby-textured exfoliants and creams as these can make dark spots worse.
Avoid using skin-lightening products as some of these contain mercury that builds up in your blood over time and can cause kidney damage and rashes.
How to prevent dark spots
· Be sun smart. Use sunscreen with an SPF 30 every day, even when the sun is not bright, and wear UV protective clothing when possible.
· Make sure you treat skin conditions like acne and eczema correctly by using the right topical products to prevent inflammation.
Conclusion
It is important to understand that while sunspots can be preventable in some cases, getting melisma while pregnant is not. The best course of action to take is the one your dermatologist prescribes. Don’t overload your skin with remedies to hasten the process of fading these marks. Instead, patch test one remedy and stick to it if it works for you. Give it at least four weeks to show you results as DIYs take time to work and apply sunscreen every single day.
FAQs
When do I need to consult a doctor for my dark marks?
If you aren’t sure of the spot being just a dark mark, consult your doctor. Do that especially if the spot tingles, bleeds, is sensitive to touch, or changes in size and colour.
How do I know if a dark spot-fading product contains mercury?
Always check the product label to see what it says. If it says that the skincare formula contains calomel, mercuric, mercurous, mercury, or mercurio, stop using it.
Can I correct dark spots with make-up?
Yes, you can. If you’re dealing with a red spot, use a green colour correcting primer or crayon. Blend this well with your finger and then dab concealer. Let it sit for a minute or two so it thickens and then tap the area with a beauty sponge.
Nykaa SKINgenius Conceal & Correct Palette - Medium 02